Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, PCOS What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome? PCOS, short for polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a common cause of anovulation and female infertilityIt is also sometimes referred to as PCO (polycystic ovaries) or PCOD (polycystic ovarian disease).Women with polycystic ovaries and fertility problems:Do not release an egg (ovulate) regularlyHave ovaries that contain many small...